In an echo of the film Jurassic Park, DNA from an extinct animal has been
re-activated in the laboratory for the first time.
Scientists took genetic material from the Tasmanian tiger – officially
declared extinct 70 years ago – and inserted it into mouse embryos where it
played a role in developing cartilage and future bone.
Dr Andrew Pask, from the University of Melbourne in Australia, who led the
research, said: "This is the first time that DNA from an extinct species has
been used to induce a functional response in another living organism. As
more and more species of animals become extinct, we are continuing to lose
critical knowledge of gene function and their potential."
In the film Jurassic Park, dinosaurs are brought to life by resurrecting
their preserved DNA. Some scientists have suggested bringing back the
Tasmanian tiger using cloning technology like that depicted in the movie.
Others are sceptical, pointing out that the DNA needed is unlikely to be
well enough preserved.
The new research proved that DNA from an extinct animal could be
resurrected. The 5ft-long Tasmanian tiger (Thylacinus cynocephalus), a type
of marsupial wolf, was hunted to extinction in the wild in the early 1900s
and the last captive specimen died in Tasmania's Hobart Zoo in 1936. But
some infant specimens were kept and preserved.
Dr Pask's team took DNA fragments and selected an "enhancer" element
associated with a gene called Col2a1 that makes collagen. Although not a
gene in itself, the element helped the gene to function.
Placed into mouse embryos, the DNA was "switched on" and assisted the
development of cartilage, the first step in making bone.
The findings, published in the journal PLoS ONE, have enormous potential for
the understanding of the biology of extinct animals, say the scientists.
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